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	<title>Deus Ex Machina - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-20T21:57:40Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=390149&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ElenaS: Undo revision 390143 by ElenaS (talk)</title>
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		<updated>2023-04-24T11:59:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Undo revision 390143 by &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Contributions/ElenaS&quot; title=&quot;Special:Contributions/ElenaS&quot;&gt;ElenaS&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;/w/index.php?title=User_talk:ElenaS&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User talk:ElenaS (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:59, 24 April 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Kranen om mensen te laten vliegen &lt;/del&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Cranes to fly people &lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse en Romeinse theater van de oudheid werden kranen gebruikt om acteurs op het toneel te brengen en te laten zakken&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vaak om de komst van de goden voor te stellen - een &lt;/del&gt;effect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dat bekend staat als &lt;/del&gt;deus ex machina, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;letterlijk 'god uit de machine'&lt;/del&gt;.''  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the Greek and Roman theatre of antiquity&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cranes were used to raise and lower actors onto the stage, often to represent the arrival of the gods – an &lt;/ins&gt;effect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;known as &lt;/ins&gt;deus ex machina, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;literally ‘god out of the machine’&lt;/ins&gt;.''  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Periaktos - Deus Ex Machina, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;5de eeuw v.C. &lt;/del&gt;(model).jpg|700px|thumb|center|Model &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met kraan&lt;/del&gt;, Thessaloniki Technology Museum   Attribution: Gts-tg ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Periaktos - Deus Ex Machina, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;5th century BC &lt;/ins&gt;(model).jpg|700px|thumb|center|Model &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;showing crane&lt;/ins&gt;, Thessaloniki Technology Museum   Attribution: Gts-tg ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De Latijnse uitdrukking&lt;/del&gt;''deus ex machina'' is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ontleend aan het Grieks &lt;/del&gt;(''apò mēchanḗs theós'') &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en duidt oorspronkelijk op de verschijning van een godheid met behulp van toneelmachines&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een vliegende &lt;/del&gt;machine &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de 5de eeuw voor Christus &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse theater werd gebruikt&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het werd gebruikt om bepaalde personages snel en op magische wijze te laten verschijnen en verdwijnen&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The Latin phrase &lt;/ins&gt;''deus ex machina'' is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;borrowed from the Greek &lt;/ins&gt;(''apò mēchanḗs theós'') &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and originally denotes the appearance of a deity with the help of stage machinery&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It &lt;/ins&gt;was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a flying &lt;/ins&gt;machine &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that began to be used &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek theatre &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the 5th century BCE&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It was used to make quick and magical appearances and disappearances of certain characters&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Medea rappresentation (2009) 07.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Effects of deus ex machina. Euripides' Medea &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;geregisseerd door &lt;/del&gt;Krzysztof Zanussi, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uitgevoerd &lt;/del&gt;in Siracuse, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Italië &lt;/del&gt;(2009) © I, Sailko ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Medea rappresentation (2009) 07.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Effects of deus ex machina. Euripides' Medea &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;directed by &lt;/ins&gt;Krzysztof Zanussi, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;performed &lt;/ins&gt;in Siracuse, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Italy &lt;/ins&gt;(2009) © I, Sailko ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de Griekse oudheid werd het &lt;/del&gt;effect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bereikt met een kraan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waarschijnlijk reeds gebruikt voor de constructie van gebouwen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die werd aangepast voor gebruik &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het theater als vliegmachine&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hij bestond uit een schuine as met een katrol waarop touwen en een haak liepen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bediend door een lier&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel er geen precieze referenties zijn over hoe hij precies werkte&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het lijkt erop dat hij waarschijnlijk werd bevestigd aan de bovenkant van de &lt;/del&gt;''skene'' (paraskenia), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;achter de achterwand&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wat een deel van zijn functie verhulde&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hij kon mensen verticaal optillen en laten zakken&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel het ook mogelijk &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dat hij kon vliegen met een verandering van richting&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aangezien sommige referenties aangeven dat de kraan op zijn basis kon draaien&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waardoor een &lt;/del&gt;panning&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;-actie ontstond&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek antiquity the &lt;/ins&gt;effect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was achieved with a crane&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;probably already used for the construction of buildings&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which was adapted for use &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the theatre as a flying machine&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It consisted of an inclined shaft fitted with a pulley on which ropes and a hook ran&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;operated by a winch&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although there are no precise references as to how exactly it worked&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It seems likely that it was fixed to the top of the &lt;/ins&gt;''skene'' (paraskenia), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;behind the back wall&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which concealed part of its function&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; It was able to raise and lower people vertically&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although it &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;also possible that it could have been able to fly with a change of direction&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as some references indicate that the crane could rotate on its base&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;so creating a &lt;/ins&gt;panning &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;action&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Trispastos scheme.svg|300px|thumb|right|Greco-Roman trispastos (‘Three-pulley-crane’), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een eenvoudig kraantype dat een last van &lt;/del&gt;150 kg &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kan dragen&lt;/del&gt;: Eric Gaba  ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Trispastos scheme.svg|300px|thumb|right|Greco-Roman trispastos (‘Three-pulley-crane’), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a simple crane type capable of a &lt;/ins&gt;150 kg &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;load   Attribution&lt;/ins&gt;: Eric Gaba  ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het uiteinde dat werd gebruikt om de acteur van de grond te tillen nam verschillende vormen aan&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zoals een hemelse wagen of een griffioen &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een mythologisch dier&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel sommige schriftelijke getuigenissen uit die tijd suggereren dat de figuren soms rechtstreeks aan een haak werden opgehangen &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;op het dak van het toneelhuis landden&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het &lt;/del&gt;effect was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bijzonder geschikt voor de verschijning van de goden vanaf de &lt;/del&gt;top &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van de &lt;/del&gt;skene &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en hun afdaling naar het podium&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en hun daaropvolgende opstijging en verdwijning boven de skenewand&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Volgens de eenvoudigste constructie bestond de &lt;/del&gt;machine &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uit een balk met tegengewicht&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;beidend met een touw&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;complexere versies&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;toen de structuur van de &lt;/del&gt;skene &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;groter &lt;/del&gt;was, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lijkt het mogelijk dat er een lier werd ingebouwd voor de beweging&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Zeker &lt;/del&gt;[[Item:Q467|Vitruvius]] (Q467) in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de 1e eeuw v.C. beschreef kranen en takels&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met lieren en katrollen om zware lasten met gemak op te tillen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel hij deze technologieën niet in verband brengt met het theater&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In het &lt;/del&gt;[[Q7829|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dionysustheater&lt;/del&gt;]] (Q7829) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zijn er twee gaten van respectievelijk &lt;/del&gt;70x70cm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en &lt;/del&gt;125x70cm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die mogleijke verankeringsfundamenten zijn voor een kraanmast en lier&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wat suggereert dat het een aanzienlijke omvang had&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The end used to lift the performer from the ground took different forms&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;such as a celestial chariot or a griffin &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a mythological animal&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although some written testimonies of the period suggest that, on occasions, the figures were hung directly from a hook, or landed on the roof &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the stage house&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;effect was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;particularly suited to the appearance of the gods from the &lt;/ins&gt;top &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of the &lt;/ins&gt;skene &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and their descent to the stage&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and their subsequent ascent and disappearance above the skene wall again&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The simplest constructional version suggests that the &lt;/ins&gt;machine &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;consisted of a counterbalanced beam&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;operated by a rope&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;more complex versions&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;when the structure of the &lt;/ins&gt;skene was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;larger&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;it seems possible that a winch was incorporated for its movement&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Certainly &lt;/ins&gt;[[Item:Q467|Vitruvius]] (Q467) in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the 1st century BCE described cranes and hoists&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with windlasses and pulleys to allow heavy loads to be lifted with ease&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although he does not relate these technologies with the theatre&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;At the &lt;/ins&gt;[[Q7829|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dionysos theatre&lt;/ins&gt;]] (Q7829) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;there are two holes measuring &lt;/ins&gt;70x70cm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;125x70cm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;respectively which are possible anchoring foundations for a crane mast and winch&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;suggesting it was of a substantial size&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de oude tragedie waren er tragische conflicten die niet altijd door menselijk handelen konden worden opgelost&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hun oplossing &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;beslissing kwam 'van boven' door de verrassende tussenkomst van een godheid die de gebeurtenissen hun definitieve wending gaf&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dit werd gedaan om de macht van de goden &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de oude verbeelding weer te geven&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en inderdaad waren hun interventies &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de toneelactie vaak verrassend&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het vroegst geregistreerde gebruik &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een theatervoorstelling &lt;/del&gt;is in 431 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;v. C. &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Euripides&lt;/del&gt;' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/del&gt;Medea&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tijdens de 87e Olympiade&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waar de heldin &lt;/del&gt;Medea &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aan het eind van het stuk &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de wagen van de &lt;/del&gt;god Helios &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van het toneel werd getild en haar dode kinderen achterliet&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Veel van Euripides' &lt;/del&gt;tragedies &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hebben als ontknoping de verschijning van een godheid uit de hemel&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die de &lt;/del&gt;plot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oplost&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De bedoeling van de toneelschrijver was echter om te benadrukken dat de mensen onderworpen zijn aan de wetten van de goden&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die de uiteindelijke controle hebben over hun bestaan&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ancient tragedy, there were tragic conflicts that could not always be resolved by human action&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Their resolution or decision came ‘from above’ through the surprising intervention &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a deity who gave the events their final turn&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This was done to represent the power of the gods &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the ancient imagination&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and indeed their interventions &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the stage action were often surprising&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The earliest recorded use &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a theatrical performance &lt;/ins&gt;is in 431 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;BCE &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Euripides’ '&lt;/ins&gt;'Medea&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;during the 87th Olympiad&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where at the end of the play, the heroine &lt;/ins&gt;Medea &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was lifted off the stage &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the chariot of the &lt;/ins&gt;god Helios &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;by this device, leaving her dead children below&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Many of Euripides’ &lt;/ins&gt;tragedies &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;have as their denouement the appearance of a divinity from heaven&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;who resolves the &lt;/ins&gt;plot. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;However, the playwright’s intention emphasised the fact that humans are subject to the laws of the gods&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;who are in ultimate control of their existence&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse en Romeinse theater verscheen de &lt;/del&gt;deus ex machina &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;als een verrassing voor het verbaasde publiek&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Tegenwoordig wordt de &lt;/del&gt;term &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ook gebruikt voor een plotmechanisme waarbij een schijnbaar onoplosbaar probleem &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een verhaal plotseling en abrupt wordt opgelost door een onverwachte en onwaarschijnlijke gebeurtenis&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De functie ervan &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ook om het publiek te verrassen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;om het verhaal tot een goed einde te brengen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of om als komisch middel te dienen&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bijvoorbeeld&lt;/del&gt;, in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Brechts Driestuiversopera komt de &amp;quot;bode van de koning te paard&amp;quot; op onwaarschijnlijke wijze aan om &lt;/del&gt;Macheath &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;te redden van zijn ophanging - een &lt;/del&gt;element &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van episch theater dat de inherente onrechtvaardigheid en willekeur van de wereld op komische wijze benadrukt&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek and Roman theatre, the &lt;/ins&gt;deus ex machina &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;appeared as a surprise to the astonished audience&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Today, the &lt;/ins&gt;term &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is also used for a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Its function &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;also to surprise the audience&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to bring the tale to a happy ending&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or act as a comic device&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For example&lt;/ins&gt;, in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Brecht’s Threepenny Opera, the ‘King’s messenger on horseback’ implausibly arrives to save &lt;/ins&gt;Macheath &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;from being hanged – an &lt;/ins&gt;element &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of epic theatre that emphasises the inherent injustice and randomness of the world in a comic way&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;entertainmentmedia is &lt;/del&gt;''deus ex machina'' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vaak ook een middel dat door auteurs wordt gebruikt om het verhaal met eenvoudige&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;onverklaarbare middelen in de gewenste richting te sturen&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waardoor de uitdrukking meestal pejoratief wordt gebruikt als kritiek op de schrijfvaardigheid van de auteurs en duidt op het onvermogen om een &lt;/del&gt;plot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met doorlopende logische verbanden te creëren&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Een van de vroegst bekende toneeleffecten en -mechanismen leeft voort als &lt;/del&gt;term &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;voor een plotmechanisme dat het publiek hoogst onwaarschijnlijk&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maar spannend en bevredigend vindt&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;entertainment media, &lt;/ins&gt;''deus ex machina'' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is often also a tool used by authors to move the story in the desired direction by simple&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;unexplained means&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which is why the expression is usually used pejoratively as a criticism of the authors’ writing ability and denotes the inability to create a &lt;/ins&gt;plot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with continuous logical connections&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;One of the earliest known stage effects and mechanisms lives on as a &lt;/ins&gt;term &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for a plot device that audiences find highly improbable&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;but thrilling and satisfying&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ElenaS</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=390143&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>ElenaS at 10:06, 24 April 2023</title>
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		<updated>2023-04-24T10:06:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:06, 24 April 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Cranes to fly people &lt;/del&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Kranen om mensen te laten vliegen &lt;/ins&gt;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the Greek and Roman theatre of antiquity&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;cranes were used to raise and lower actors onto the stage, often to represent the arrival of the gods – an &lt;/del&gt;effect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;known as &lt;/del&gt;deus ex machina, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;literally ‘god out of the machine’&lt;/del&gt;.''  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;''In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse en Romeinse theater van de oudheid werden kranen gebruikt om acteurs op het toneel te brengen en te laten zakken&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vaak om de komst van de goden voor te stellen - een &lt;/ins&gt;effect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dat bekend staat als &lt;/ins&gt;deus ex machina, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;letterlijk 'god uit de machine'&lt;/ins&gt;.''  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Periaktos - Deus Ex Machina, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;5th century BC &lt;/del&gt;(model).jpg|700px|thumb|center|Model &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;showing crane&lt;/del&gt;, Thessaloniki Technology Museum   Attribution: Gts-tg ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Periaktos - Deus Ex Machina, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;5de eeuw v.C. &lt;/ins&gt;(model).jpg|700px|thumb|center|Model &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met kraan&lt;/ins&gt;, Thessaloniki Technology Museum   Attribution: Gts-tg ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The Latin phrase &lt;/del&gt;''deus ex machina'' is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;borrowed from the Greek &lt;/del&gt;(''apò mēchanḗs theós'') &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and originally denotes the appearance of a deity with the help of stage machinery&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a flying &lt;/del&gt;machine &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that began to be used &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek theatre &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the 5th century BCE&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It was used to make quick and magical appearances and disappearances of certain characters&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De Latijnse uitdrukking&lt;/ins&gt;''deus ex machina'' is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ontleend aan het Grieks &lt;/ins&gt;(''apò mēchanḗs theós'') &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en duidt oorspronkelijk op de verschijning van een godheid met behulp van toneelmachines&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het &lt;/ins&gt;was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een vliegende &lt;/ins&gt;machine &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de 5de eeuw voor Christus &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse theater werd gebruikt&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het werd gebruikt om bepaalde personages snel en op magische wijze te laten verschijnen en verdwijnen&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Medea rappresentation (2009) 07.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Effects of deus ex machina. Euripides' Medea &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;directed by &lt;/del&gt;Krzysztof Zanussi, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;performed &lt;/del&gt;in Siracuse, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Italy &lt;/del&gt;(2009) © I, Sailko ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Medea rappresentation (2009) 07.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Effects of deus ex machina. Euripides' Medea &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;geregisseerd door &lt;/ins&gt;Krzysztof Zanussi, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uitgevoerd &lt;/ins&gt;in Siracuse, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Italië &lt;/ins&gt;(2009) © I, Sailko ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek antiquity the &lt;/del&gt;effect &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was achieved with a crane&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;probably already used for the construction of buildings&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which was adapted for use &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the theatre &lt;/del&gt;as &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a flying machine. It consisted of an inclined shaft fitted with a pulley on which ropes and a hook ran&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;operated by a winch&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although there are no precise references as to how exactly it worked&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;It seems likely that it was fixed to the top of the &lt;/del&gt;''skene'' (paraskenia), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;behind the back wall&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which concealed part of its function&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; It was able to raise and lower people vertically&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although it &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;also possible that it could have been able to fly with a change of direction&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as some references indicate that the crane could rotate on its base&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;so creating a &lt;/del&gt;panning &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;action&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de Griekse oudheid werd het &lt;/ins&gt;effect &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bereikt met een kraan&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waarschijnlijk reeds gebruikt voor de constructie van gebouwen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die werd aangepast voor gebruik &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het theater als vliegmachine. Hij bestond uit een schuine &lt;/ins&gt;as &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met een katrol waarop touwen en een haak liepen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bediend door een lier&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel er geen precieze referenties zijn over hoe hij precies werkte&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het lijkt erop dat hij waarschijnlijk werd bevestigd aan de bovenkant van de &lt;/ins&gt;''skene'' (paraskenia), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;achter de achterwand&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wat een deel van zijn functie verhulde&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hij kon mensen verticaal optillen en laten zakken&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel het ook mogelijk &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dat hij kon vliegen met een verandering van richting&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aangezien sommige referenties aangeven dat de kraan op zijn basis kon draaien&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waardoor een &lt;/ins&gt;panning&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;-actie ontstond&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Trispastos scheme.svg|300px|thumb|right|Greco-Roman trispastos (‘Three-pulley-crane’), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a simple crane type capable of a &lt;/del&gt;150 kg &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;load   Attribution&lt;/del&gt;: Eric Gaba  ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Trispastos scheme.svg|300px|thumb|right|Greco-Roman trispastos (‘Three-pulley-crane’), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een eenvoudig kraantype dat een last van &lt;/ins&gt;150 kg &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;kan dragen&lt;/ins&gt;: Eric Gaba  ]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The end used to lift the performer from the ground took different forms&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;such as a celestial chariot or a griffin &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a mythological animal&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although some written testimonies of the period suggest that, on occasions, the figures were hung directly from a hook, or landed on the roof &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the stage house&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;effect was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;particularly suited to the appearance of the gods from the &lt;/del&gt;top &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of the &lt;/del&gt;skene &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and their descent to the stage&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and their subsequent ascent and disappearance above the skene wall again&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The simplest constructional version suggests that the &lt;/del&gt;machine &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;consisted of a counterbalanced beam&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;operated by a rope&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;more complex versions&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;when the structure of the &lt;/del&gt;skene was &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;larger&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;it seems possible that a winch was incorporated for its movement&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Certainly &lt;/del&gt;[[Item:Q467|Vitruvius]] (Q467) in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the 1st century BCE described cranes and hoists&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with windlasses and pulleys to allow heavy loads to be lifted with ease&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;although he does not relate these technologies with the theatre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;At the &lt;/del&gt;[[Q7829|&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dionysos theatre&lt;/del&gt;]] (Q7829) &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;there are two holes measuring &lt;/del&gt;70x70cm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;125x70cm &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;respectively which are possible anchoring foundations for a crane mast and winch&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;suggesting it was of a substantial size&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het uiteinde dat werd gebruikt om de acteur van de grond te tillen nam verschillende vormen aan&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zoals een hemelse wagen of een griffioen &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een mythologisch dier&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel sommige schriftelijke getuigenissen uit die tijd suggereren dat de figuren soms rechtstreeks aan een haak werden opgehangen &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;op het dak van het toneelhuis landden&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het &lt;/ins&gt;effect was &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;bijzonder geschikt voor de verschijning van de goden vanaf de &lt;/ins&gt;top &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van de &lt;/ins&gt;skene &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en hun afdaling naar het podium&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en hun daaropvolgende opstijging en verdwijning boven de skenewand&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Volgens de eenvoudigste constructie bestond de &lt;/ins&gt;machine &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;uit een balk met tegengewicht&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;beidend met een touw&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;complexere versies&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;toen de structuur van de &lt;/ins&gt;skene &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;groter &lt;/ins&gt;was, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;lijkt het mogelijk dat er een lier werd ingebouwd voor de beweging&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Zeker &lt;/ins&gt;[[Item:Q467|Vitruvius]] (Q467) in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de 1e eeuw v.C. beschreef kranen en takels&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met lieren en katrollen om zware lasten met gemak op te tillen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hoewel hij deze technologieën niet in verband brengt met het theater&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;In het &lt;/ins&gt;[[Q7829|&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dionysustheater&lt;/ins&gt;]] (Q7829) &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;zijn er twee gaten van respectievelijk &lt;/ins&gt;70x70cm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en &lt;/ins&gt;125x70cm &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die mogleijke verankeringsfundamenten zijn voor een kraanmast en lier&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;wat suggereert dat het een aanzienlijke omvang had&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ancient tragedy, there were tragic conflicts that could not always be resolved by human action&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Their resolution or decision came ‘from above’ through the surprising intervention &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a deity who gave the events their final turn&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;This was done to represent the power of the gods &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the ancient imagination&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and indeed their interventions &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the stage action were often surprising&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The earliest recorded use &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a theatrical performance &lt;/del&gt;is in 431 &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;BCE &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Euripides’ '&lt;/del&gt;'Medea&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;''&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;during the 87th Olympiad&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where at the end of the play, the heroine &lt;/del&gt;Medea &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;was lifted off the stage &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the chariot of the &lt;/del&gt;god Helios &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;by this device, leaving her dead children below&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Many of Euripides’ &lt;/del&gt;tragedies &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;have as their denouement the appearance of a divinity from heaven&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;who resolves the &lt;/del&gt;plot. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;However&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the playwright’s intention emphasised the fact that humans are subject to the laws of the gods, who are in ultimate control of their existence&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de oude tragedie waren er tragische conflicten die niet altijd door menselijk handelen konden worden opgelost&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Hun oplossing &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;beslissing kwam 'van boven' door de verrassende tussenkomst van een godheid die de gebeurtenissen hun definitieve wending gaf&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Dit werd gedaan om de macht van de goden &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de oude verbeelding weer te geven&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;en inderdaad waren hun interventies &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de toneelactie vaak verrassend&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Het vroegst geregistreerde gebruik &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een theatervoorstelling &lt;/ins&gt;is in 431 &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;v. C. &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Euripides&lt;/ins&gt;' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;Medea&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;tijdens de 87e Olympiade&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waar de heldin &lt;/ins&gt;Medea &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aan het eind van het stuk &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de wagen van de &lt;/ins&gt;god Helios &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van het toneel werd getild en haar dode kinderen achterliet&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Veel van Euripides' &lt;/ins&gt;tragedies &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;hebben als ontknoping de verschijning van een godheid uit de hemel&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die de &lt;/ins&gt;plot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;oplost&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De bedoeling van de toneelschrijver was echter om te benadrukken dat de mensen onderworpen zijn aan de wetten van de goden&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;die de uiteindelijke controle hebben over hun bestaan&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Greek and Roman theatre, the &lt;/del&gt;deus ex machina &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;appeared as a surprise to the astonished audience&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Today, the &lt;/del&gt;term &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is also used for a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Its function &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;also to surprise the audience&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;to bring the tale to a happy ending&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;or act as a comic device&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;For example&lt;/del&gt;, in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Brecht’s Threepenny Opera, the ‘King’s messenger on horseback’ implausibly arrives to save &lt;/del&gt;Macheath &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;from being hanged – an &lt;/del&gt;element &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of epic theatre that emphasises the inherent injustice and randomness of the world in a comic way&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;het Griekse en Romeinse theater verscheen de &lt;/ins&gt;deus ex machina &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;als een verrassing voor het verbaasde publiek&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Tegenwoordig wordt de &lt;/ins&gt;term &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ook gebruikt voor een plotmechanisme waarbij een schijnbaar onoplosbaar probleem &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;een verhaal plotseling en abrupt wordt opgelost door een onverwachte en onwaarschijnlijke gebeurtenis&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;De functie ervan &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ook om het publiek te verrassen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;om het verhaal tot een goed einde te brengen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of om als komisch middel te dienen&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Bijvoorbeeld&lt;/ins&gt;, in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Brechts Driestuiversopera komt de &amp;quot;bode van de koning te paard&amp;quot; op onwaarschijnlijke wijze aan om &lt;/ins&gt;Macheath &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;te redden van zijn ophanging - een &lt;/ins&gt;element &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;van episch theater dat de inherente onrechtvaardigheid en willekeur van de wereld op komische wijze benadrukt&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;entertainment media, &lt;/del&gt;''deus ex machina'' &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;is often also a tool used by authors to move the story &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the desired direction by simple, unexplained means&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which is why the expression is usually used pejoratively as a criticism of the authors’ writing ability and denotes the inability to create a &lt;/del&gt;plot &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;with continuous logical connections&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;One of the earliest known stage effects and mechanisms lives on as a &lt;/del&gt;term &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;for a plot device that audiences find highly improbable&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;but thrilling and satisfying&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;entertainmentmedia is &lt;/ins&gt;''deus ex machina'' &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;vaak ook een middel dat door auteurs wordt gebruikt om het verhaal met eenvoudige, onverklaarbare middelen &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;de gewenste richting te sturen&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;waardoor de uitdrukking meestal pejoratief wordt gebruikt als kritiek op de schrijfvaardigheid van de auteurs en duidt op het onvermogen om een &lt;/ins&gt;plot &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;met doorlopende logische verbanden te creëren&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Een van de vroegst bekende toneeleffecten en -mechanismen leeft voort als &lt;/ins&gt;term &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;voor een plotmechanisme dat het publiek hoogst onwaarschijnlijk&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;maar spannend en bevredigend vindt&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>ElenaS</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=387726&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>NickHunt: /* Cranes to fly people */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=387726&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-11T14:52:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Cranes to fly people&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:52, 11 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l22&quot; &gt;Line 22:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 22:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In Greek and Roman theatre, the deus ex machina appeared as a surprise to the astonished audience. Today, the term is also used for a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence. Its function is also to surprise the audience, to bring the tale to a happy ending, or act as a comic device. For example, in Brecht’s Threepenny Opera, the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;‘king’s &lt;/del&gt;messenger on horseback’ implausibly arrives to save Macheath from being hanged – an element of epic theatre that emphasises the inherent injustice and randomness of the world in a comic way.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In Greek and Roman theatre, the deus ex machina appeared as a surprise to the astonished audience. Today, the term is also used for a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence. Its function is also to surprise the audience, to bring the tale to a happy ending, or act as a comic device. For example, in Brecht’s Threepenny Opera, the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;‘King’s &lt;/ins&gt;messenger on horseback’ implausibly arrives to save Macheath from being hanged – an element of epic theatre that emphasises the inherent injustice and randomness of the world in a comic way.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In entertainment media, ''deus ex machina'' is often also a tool used by authors to move the story in the desired direction by simple, unexplained means, which is why the expression is usually used pejoratively as a criticism of the authors’ writing ability and denotes the inability to create a plot with continuous logical connections. One of the earliest known stage effects and mechanisms lives on as a term for a plot device that audiences find highly improbable, but thrilling and satisfying.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In entertainment media, ''deus ex machina'' is often also a tool used by authors to move the story in the desired direction by simple, unexplained means, which is why the expression is usually used pejoratively as a criticism of the authors’ writing ability and denotes the inability to create a plot with continuous logical connections. One of the earliest known stage effects and mechanisms lives on as a term for a plot device that audiences find highly improbable, but thrilling and satisfying.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>NickHunt</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=360436&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>LouisR: Created page with &quot;=== Cranes to fly people ===  ''In the Greek and Roman theatre of antiquity, cranes were used to raise and lower actors onto the stage, often to represent the arrival of the g...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://172.105.79.219:8181/w/index.php?title=Deus_Ex_Machina&amp;diff=360436&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-01-10T19:07:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;=== Cranes to fly people ===  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;In the Greek and Roman theatre of antiquity, cranes were used to raise and lower actors onto the stage, often to represent the arrival of the g...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Cranes to fly people ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''In the Greek and Roman theatre of antiquity, cranes were used to raise and lower actors onto the stage, often to represent the arrival of the gods – an effect known as deus ex machina, literally ‘god out of the machine’.'' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Periaktos - Deus Ex Machina, 5th century BC (model).jpg|700px|thumb|center|Model showing crane, Thessaloniki Technology Museum   Attribution: Gts-tg ]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Latin phrase ''deus ex machina'' is borrowed from the Greek (''apò mēchanḗs theós'') and originally denotes the appearance of a deity with the help of stage machinery. It was a flying machine that began to be used in Greek theatre in the 5th century BCE. It was used to make quick and magical appearances and disappearances of certain characters. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Medea rappresentation (2009) 07.JPG|300px|thumb|right|Effects of deus ex machina. Euripides' Medea directed by Krzysztof Zanussi, performed in Siracuse, Italy (2009) © I, Sailko ]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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In Greek antiquity the effect was achieved with a crane, probably already used for the construction of buildings, which was adapted for use in the theatre as a flying machine. It consisted of an inclined shaft fitted with a pulley on which ropes and a hook ran, operated by a winch, although there are no precise references as to how exactly it worked. It seems likely that it was fixed to the top of the ''skene'' (paraskenia), behind the back wall, which concealed part of its function.  It was able to raise and lower people vertically, although it is also possible that it could have been able to fly with a change of direction, as some references indicate that the crane could rotate on its base, so creating a panning action. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Trispastos scheme.svg|300px|thumb|right|Greco-Roman trispastos (‘Three-pulley-crane’), a simple crane type capable of a 150 kg load   Attribution: Eric Gaba  ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The end used to lift the performer from the ground took different forms, such as a celestial chariot or a griffin (a mythological animal), although some written testimonies of the period suggest that, on occasions, the figures were hung directly from a hook, or landed on the roof of the stage house. The effect was particularly suited to the appearance of the gods from the top of the skene and their descent to the stage, and their subsequent ascent and disappearance above the skene wall again. The simplest constructional version suggests that the machine consisted of a counterbalanced beam, operated by a rope, and in more complex versions, when the structure of the skene was larger, it seems possible that a winch was incorporated for its movement. Certainly [[Item:Q467|Vitruvius]] (Q467) in the 1st century BCE described cranes and hoists, with windlasses and pulleys to allow heavy loads to be lifted with ease, although he does not relate these technologies with the theatre. At the [[Q7829|Dionysos theatre]] (Q7829) there are two holes measuring 70x70cm and 125x70cm respectively which are possible anchoring foundations for a crane mast and winch, suggesting it was of a substantial size. &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
In ancient tragedy, there were tragic conflicts that could not always be resolved by human action. Their resolution or decision came ‘from above’ through the surprising intervention of a deity who gave the events their final turn. This was done to represent the power of the gods in the ancient imagination, and indeed their interventions in the stage action were often surprising. The earliest recorded use in a theatrical performance is in 431 BCE in Euripides’ ''Medea'', during the 87th Olympiad, where at the end of the play, the heroine Medea was lifted off the stage in the chariot of the god Helios by this device, leaving her dead children below. Many of Euripides’ tragedies have as their denouement the appearance of a divinity from heaven, who resolves the plot. However, the playwright’s intention emphasised the fact that humans are subject to the laws of the gods, who are in ultimate control of their existence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Greek and Roman theatre, the deus ex machina appeared as a surprise to the astonished audience. Today, the term is also used for a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly and abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence. Its function is also to surprise the audience, to bring the tale to a happy ending, or act as a comic device. For example, in Brecht’s Threepenny Opera, the ‘king’s messenger on horseback’ implausibly arrives to save Macheath from being hanged – an element of epic theatre that emphasises the inherent injustice and randomness of the world in a comic way. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In entertainment media, ''deus ex machina'' is often also a tool used by authors to move the story in the desired direction by simple, unexplained means, which is why the expression is usually used pejoratively as a criticism of the authors’ writing ability and denotes the inability to create a plot with continuous logical connections. One of the earliest known stage effects and mechanisms lives on as a term for a plot device that audiences find highly improbable, but thrilling and satisfying.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>LouisR</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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